Hajj Terminal in Jeddah: How Do Wide-Span Canopies Serve Large Passenger Volumes?

Hajj Terminal in Jeddah: How Do Wide-Span Canopies Serve Large Passenger Volumes?

# Introduction The Hajj Terminal at King Abdulaziz Airport in Jeddah is a leading global architectural model for accommodating large crowds, where the SOM design utilizes a flexible structural system serving millions of pilgrims . ## Facility Fact Sheet | Feature | Details | | :--- | :--- | | Design | SOM | | Structure | 210 conical roof units | | Roofing | Teflon-coated fiberglass | | Height | 45-meter steel pylons | | Layout | 45x45 meter grid | ## Architectural Philosophy: Between Authenticity and Modernity The architectural concept is inspired by Bedouin tents in a modern style, employing a structure of 210 conical roof units covered with Teflon-coated fiberglass, supported by 45-meter steel pylons . This fusion reflects culture and place while creating a unique visual identity for travelers. ## Structural Engineering and Spatial Flexibility Engineering-wise, the building is designed on a regular 45x45 meter grid, providing high flexibility in distributing building functions as "furniture" that can be adjusted as needed . ## Passive Climate Solutions The building serves as a case study in climatic sustainability: - Hot Air Extraction: The conical shape of the canopies helps draw hot air upward through openings at the peaks . - Natural Ventilation: Ground-level air masts push fresh air into the space . - Shading Efficiency: The canopies block 76% of solar radiation . ## Adaptability: More Than Just a Transit Station This design has proven its adaptability, recently hosting the Islamic Arts Biennale within its flexible, expansive spaces, highlighting the potential of major structures to serve roles beyond transit . ## Common Mistakes in Crowd Space Design - Total reliance on mechanical air conditioning in open spaces. - Failure to provide flexible flow paths that adapt to changing user density. - Ignoring cultural identity in projects with seasonal characteristics. ## Lessons for Project Owners Project owners learn that modular design extends a facility's lifespan and that passive design solutions significantly reduce operating costs. ## Frequently Asked Questions 1. Why was the building designed as an open system? Because mechanical air conditioning is impractical for a building of this size receiving pilgrims over a short duration . 2. What is the role of the canopies in cooling? The canopies block 76% of solar radiation and allow hot air to exhaust through the peaks . 3. Can the building's use be changed? Yes, the structural grid allows functions to be easily rearranged . 4. Is this design a substitute for engineering blueprints? No, this is an engineering overview and does not replace plans approved by competent authorities. ## Conclusion The Hajj Terminal remains a lesson in intelligent spatial management. We confirm that Merit Axsis Knowledge Center did not participate in the design or execution of this project. For inquiries, contact us via WhatsApp: 966593510295 or email: meritaxsis@gmail.com. Last verification date: September 10, 2026.